MDS-1

Mission Demonstration Satellite 1 (MDS-1) or Tsubasa (COSPAR 2002-003A, SATCAT 27367) was a Japanese technology test mission. It was launched by the second H-2A on February 4, 2002 from the Tanegashima Space Center. After the launch, MDS-1 was renamed Tsubasa, meaning wings in Japanese.^[1] Tsubasa was placed in a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). It ended its operational phase on 26 February 2003.^[2] A similar mission, MDS-2, was cancelled.^[3]

The purpose of the mission was to test the performance of commercial off-the-shelf components, including solar batteries, semiconductors and computers.^[1]^[2] MDS-1 also carried instrumentation to observe how changes in the environment as the satellite passed through the Van Allen radiation belts affected the performance of each component. Among these instruments were a dosimeter using radiation-sensitive field effect transistors,^[4] a magnetometer, and a device for tracking heavy ions.^[5] During the mission, MDS-1 tracked the occurrence of single event upsets (SEU), finding the majority occurred while passing the inner belt during solar maximum and were likely caused by high energy protons.^[6] The whole weight of the satellite was 480 kg.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "MDS-1 – NSSDC Master Catalog". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. NSSDC. Retrieved 7 January 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ^a ^b "JAXA | Mission Demonstration test Satellite-1 "TSUBASA" (MDS-1)". jaxa.jp. JAXA. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
^ "MDS 2". space.skyrocket.de. Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
^ Kimoto, Y.; Koshiishi, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Goka, T. (December 2003). "Total dose orbital data by dosimeter onboard tsubasa (mds-1) satellite". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 50 (6): 2301–2306. Bibcode:2003ITNS...50.2301K. doi:10.1109/TNS.2003.821399.
^ Koshiishi, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Kimoto, Y.; Liu, H.; Goka, T. (2002). "Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment Board Mission Demonstration Test Satellite-1". COSPAR Colloqui Series. COSPAR Colloquia Series. 14: 369–371. doi:10.1016/S0964-2749(02)80184-6. ISBN 9780080441108.
^ Koshiishi, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Goka, T. (November 2008). "Single-event upset in geostationary transfer orbit during solar-activity maximum period measured by the Tsubasa satellite". Advances in Space Research. 42 (9): 1500–1503. Bibcode:2008AdSpR..42.1500K. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.026.

Japanese space program

Italics indicates projects in development.
Symbol ^† indicates failed projects.
~~Strikethrough lines~~ indicate cancelled projects.

Space agencies

National space agencies	JAXA former ISAS NAL NASDA NICT JSS
Joint development partners	NASA¹ ESA² ASI³ CSA⁴ Roscosmos⁵ AEB⁶ INPE⁷ ISRO⁸

Astronomical observation

Past	Akari ASCA ASTRO-E^† ~~Astro-G~~ CORSA^† Ginga Hakucho HALCA Hinotori Hitomi^† ~~SPICA~~ Suzaku Tenma Yohkoh
Active	Hinode Hisaki XRISM¹
Future	ATHENA² SOLAR-C¹ GREX-PLUS [ja] HiZ-GUNDAM [ja] LAPYUTA LiteBIRD Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope¹ Nano-JASMINE Small-JASMINE

Communications satellites, broadcasting satellites and satellite navigation systems

Past	BS 2X 3H 3N Kakehashi Kirari Kizuna Kodama MBSat N-STAR a b Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b
Active	Kirameki 1 2 Michibiki 1 2 3 4 1R MTSAT N-STAR c d JDRS
Future	DSN 3 QZS 5 6 7

Earth observation

Past	Akebono Daichi 1 3^† Denpa Fuyo-1 Jikiken Kyokko Midori I II Momo 1 1b Ohozora Taiyo TRMM¹ Ume 1 b Geotail¹
Active	Aqua^1,7 Arase ASNARO 1 2 Daichi-2 GPM¹ Himawari Ibuki original 2 Shikisai Shizuku
Future	ALOS-4 EarthCARE² GOSAT-GW PMM

Engineering tests

Past	Ayame 1 2 DASH EXPRESS IKAROS Jindai Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LDREX 1 2 LRE Micro LabSat-1 Myojo Ohsumi Orizuru RAISE 2 3^† ~~PETSAT~~ RAPIS-1 Ryusei SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 SDS-1 SFU Shinsei ~~SmartSat-1~~ Tansei 1 2 3 4 Tasuki Tsubame Tsubasa USERS
Active	Ajisai Reimei SDS-4
Future	BEAK ETS-IX G-SATELLITE SERVIS-3

Human spaceflight

Past	~~Fuji crewed spacecraft~~ ~~HOPE-X~~ H-II Transfer Vehicle
Active	International Space Station (ISS) & Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)^1,2,3,4,5,6
Future	HTV-X Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) Lunar Gateway^1,2,4

Space probes

The Moon

Past	Hakuto-R Mission 1^† Hiten ~~Lunar-A~~ Kaguya (SELENE) OMOTENASHI^† ~~SELENE-2~~
Active	EQUULEUS Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Future	Hakuto-R Mission 2 HERACLES^2,4 Lunar Cruiser Lunar Polar Exploration Mission⁸ (LUPEX) Yaoki

Others

Past	Hayabusa ~~Hayabusa Mk2~~ Nozomi^† PROCYON^† Sakigake Shin'en^† Suisei
Active	Akatsuki BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)² Hayabusa2 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer²
Future	Comet Interceptor² DESTINY+ Dragonfly¹ Hera² MELOS Martian Moons eXploration Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return TEREX

Reconnaissance satellites

Past	IGS-Optical 1 2 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2
Active	IGS-Optical 3 4 5 6 Experimentally 5 IGS-Radar 3 4 Spare 5 6
Future	IGS-Optical 7 8 IGS-Radar 7 8

Private small satellites

Past	CosMoz CUTE 1.7+APD Fuji 1 2 Hayato HIBARI HIT-SAT Kagayaki Kanta-kun (WEOS) Kūkai Maido-1 Negai☆″ Niwaka RAIKO Waseda-SAT2 WE WISH
Active	CUTE 1 1.7+APDII Fuji-3 Hitomi Hodoyoshi 1 2 3 4 Horyu 2 Kiseki PROITERES Raijin Raijin-2 SEEDS SOCRATES XI IV V
Future	DRUMS KITSUNE OPUSAT-II QSAT-EOS RSP-01 SOMESAT SpaceTuna1 SPROUT TSUBAME WNI satellite

v t e ← 2001 Orbital launches in 2002 2003 →
January	USA-164 INSAT-3C
February	Tsubasa, DASH, VEP-3 HESSI Iridium 90, Iridium 91, Iridium 94, Iridium 95, Iridium 96 EchoStar VII Intelsat 904 Kosmos 2387
March	Envisat STS-109 TDRS-9 GRACE Progress M1-8 Shenzhou 3 JCSAT-8, Astra 3A Intelsat 903
April	Kosmos 2388 STS-110 (ITS S0) NSS-7 Soyuz TM-34
May	SPOT-5, Idefix Aqua DirecTV-5 Feng Yun 1D, Hai Yang 1A Ofek-5 Kosmos 2389
June	Intelsat 905 STS-111 (Leonardo MPLM) Ekspress A1R Galaxy 3C Iridium 97, Iridium 98 NOAA-17 Progress M-46
July	CONTOUR Stellat 5, N-STAR c Kosmos 2390, Kosmos 2391 Kosmos 2392
August	Hot Bird 6 EchoStar VIII Atlantic Bird 1, MSG-1
September	Intelsat 906 USERS, Kodama METSAT Tsinghua 2 Hispasat 1D Progress M1-9 Nadezhda 7
October	STS-112 (ITS S1) Foton-M No.1 INTEGRAL Zi Yuan 2B Soyuz TMA-1
November	STS-113 (ITS P1, MEPSI 1A, MEPSI 1B) Astra 1K AlSAT-1, Mozhayets 3, Rubin-3
December	TDRS-10 Hot Bird 7, Stentor, MFD-A, MFD-B ADEOS II, Kanta Kun, FedSat, µ-LabSat 1 (RITE 1, RITE 2) NSS-6 TrailBlazer-2001 STA, Saudisat 1C, LatinSat A, LatinSat B, UniSat 2, Rubin 2 Kosmos 2393 Kosmos 2394, Kosmos 2395, Kosmos 2396 Shenzhou 4 Nimiq 2
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).