Child-Pugh分期系統

Child-Pugh分期系統
作用常用於預測慢性肝病患者預後,及相關治療策略的擬定。

Child-Pugh分期系統Child-Pugh Score),是醫學上常用於預測慢性肝病患者預後的分期系統,特別是肝硬化。最初此分期系統用於預測手術的死亡率,但現在主要用於預測預後,以及評估進行肝臟移植英语liver transplantation的必要性。

評分機制

該系統主要以肝臟疾病的五個臨床特徵作為評分項目,每個項目分為1-3分,分數越高代表越嚴重[1]

在凝血功能的項目上,凝血酶原時間(prothrombin time,PT)和國際標準化比值(International normalized ratio,INR)應擇一使用,不可同時參採。

項目 1分 2分 3分
總胆红素,μmol/L (mg/dL) < 34 (< 2) 34–50 (2–3) > 50 (> 3)
血清白蛋白,g/dL > 3.5 2.8–3.5 < 2.8
凝血酶原時間(PT),秒 < 4.0
4.0–6.0
> 6.0
INR < 1.7 1.7–2.3 > 2.3
腹水 輕度(可用利尿劑治療) 中度或重度(利尿劑治療無效)
肝性脑病 第I–II級 第III–IV級

由於原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)及原發性膽道性膽管炎英语primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)患者,積累的膽紅素會以結合型膽紅素(conjugated bilirubin)為主,因此可使用修改版的Child-Pugh分期系統。在此版本,總膽紅素的標準數值會有所調整,其餘項目皆相同[2][3]

PBC及PSC患者的標準總膽紅素數值[2]
項目 1分 2分 3分
總胆红素,μmol/L (mg/dL) <68 (4) 68-170 (4-10) >170 (10)

判讀

Child-Pugh評分可以用於評估慢性肝病的預後,將分數加總後,依總分高低分為A、B、C三期[1]

分數 分期 一年存活率 兩年存活率
5–6 A 100% 85%
7–9 B 80% 60%
10–15 C 45% 35%

歷史

1964年,密西根大學的外科醫師及肝高壓權威查爾斯·加德納·蔡爾德(Charles Gardner Child)與耶利米·喬治·特科特(Jeremiah George Turcotte)兩人在其合作的教科書首次發表了此分期系統[4]。1972年,倫敦國王學院醫學院的R·N·H·普伊(R.N.H. Pugh)等人在一篇探討食道靜脈屈張英语esophageal varices手術切除的論文中,對蔡爾德的系統做出了修改[5]。蔡爾德的原系統中有納入營養狀態,而普伊等人將這個項目替換為凝血酶原時間及INR,並給予每個項目三分作為最後加總[1]

其他分期系統

  • MELD評分系統英语Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD Score)
  • MELD-Plus英语MELD-Plus

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cholongitas, E; Papatheodoridis, GV; Vangeli, M; Terreni, N; Patch, D; Burroughs, AK. Systematic review: The model for end-stage liver disease--should it replace Child–Pugh's classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis?. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Dec 2005, 22 (11–12): 1079–89. PMID 16305721. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02691.x. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Samonakis, D N. Management of portal hypertension. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2004-11-01, 80 (949): 634–641. ISSN 0032-5473. PMC 1743143可免费查阅. PMID 15537846. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.020446 (英语). 
  3. ^ Working Subgroup (English version) for Clinical Practice Guidelines for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis. Guidelines for the management of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology Research. 2014-01-01, 44: 71–90. ISSN 1872-034X. PMID 24397841. doi:10.1111/hepr.12270 (英语). 
  4. ^ Child CG, Turcotte JG. Surgery and portal hypertension. Child CG (编). The liver and portal hypertension. Philadelphia: Saunders. 1964: 50–64. 
  5. ^ Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R英语Roger Williams (hepatologist). Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. The British Journal of Surgery. 1973, 60 (8): 646–9. PMID 4541913. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800600817. 

外部連結

  • Child–Pugh calculator from LiverpoolMedics(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Child–Pugh分期系統的線上計算機(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • MDcalc網站上的Child–Pugh分期計算機(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
消化系统外科手术英语Digestive system surgeryICD-9-CM V3英语ICD-9-CM_Volume_3 42–54, ICD-10-PCS 0D英语ICD-10 Procedure Coding System
消化道
上消化道
唾腺食道
  • Esophagectomy英语Esophagectomy
  • Heller myotomy英语Heller myotomy
  • Sialography英语Sialography
  • Impedance–pH monitoring英语Impedance–pH monitoring
  • Esophageal pH monitoring英语Esophageal pH monitoring
  • Esophageal motility study英语Esophageal motility study
  • 代謝手術
    • Adjustable gastric band英语Adjustable gastric band
    • Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty英语Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
    • 胃繞道手術
    • Sleeve gastrectomy英语Sleeve gastrectomy
    • Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery英语Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
  • Collis gastroplasty英语Collis gastroplasty
  • 胃切除術
    • Billroth I英语Billroth I
    • Billroth II英语Billroth II
    • Roux-en-Y英语Roux-en-Y_anastomosis
  • Gastroenterostomy英语Gastroenterostomy
  • Gastropexy英语Gastropexy
  • Gastrostomy英语Gastrostomy
  • Esophagogastric dissociation英语Esophagogastric dissociation
  • Hill repair英语Hill repair
  • Nissen fundoplication英语Nissen fundoplication
  • Pyloromyotomy英语Pyloromyotomy
醫學影像
下消化道
小肠
  • 代謝手術
    • Duodenal switch英语Duodenal switch
    • Jejunoileal bypass英语Jejunoileal bypass
  • Bowel resection英语Bowel resection
  • Ileostomy英语Ileostomy
  • Intestine transplantation英语Intestine transplantation
  • Jejunostomy英语Jejunostomy
  • Partial ileal bypass surgery英语Partial ileal bypass surgery
  • Strictureplasty英语Strictureplasty
大肠
  • 阑尾切除术
  • Colectomy英语Colectomy
  • Colonic polypectomy英语Colonic polypectomy
  • Colostomy英语Colostomy
  • Hartmann's operation英语Hartmann's operation
直肠
  • Abdominoperineal resection / Miles operation英语Abdominoperineal resection
  • Lower anterior resection英语Lower anterior resection
  • Total mesorectal excision英语Total mesorectal excision
肛管英语Anal canal
  • Anal sphincterotomy英语Anal sphincterotomy
  • Anorectal manometry英语Anorectal manometry
  • Lateral internal sphincterotomy英语Lateral internal sphincterotomy
  • Rubber band ligation英语Rubber band ligation
  • Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization英语Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
醫學影像
  • 內視鏡大腸鏡
  • Anoscopy英语Anoscopy
  • Capsule endoscopy英语Capsule endoscopy
  • Enteroscopy英语Enteroscopy
  • Proctoscopy英语Proctoscopy
  • Sigmoidoscopy英语Sigmoidoscopy
  • Abdominal ultrasonography英语Abdominal ultrasonography
  • Defecography英语Defecography
  • Double-contrast barium enema英语Double-contrast barium enema
  • Endoanal ultrasound英语Endoanal ultrasound
  • Enteroclysis
  • 下消化道鋇劑灌腸造影
  • Small-bowel follow-through英语Small-bowel follow-through
  • Transrectal ultrasonography英语Transrectal ultrasonography
  • Virtual colonoscopy英语Virtual colonoscopy
糞便檢查英语Stool test
  • Fecal fat test英语Fecal fat test
  • Fecal pH test英语Fecal pH test
  • Stool guaiac test英语Stool guaiac test
附屬臟器
肝臟
  • Artificial extracorporeal liver support英语Artificial extracorporeal liver support
    • Bioartificial liver device英语Bioartificial liver devices
    • Liver dialysis英语Liver dialysis
  • 肝切除術
  • Liver biopsy英语Liver biopsy
  • Liver transplantation英语Liver transplantation
  • 門脈高壓
胆囊膽管
  • Cholecystectomy英语Cholecystectomy
  • Cholecystostomy英语Cholecystostomy
  • 内镜逆行胰胆管造影
  • Hepatoportoenterostomy英语Hepatoportoenterostomy
  • 醫學影像膽管鏡英语Cholangiography
    • IV英语Intravenous cholangiography
    • MRCP英语Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
    • PTC英语Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
  • Cholecystography英语Cholecystography
  • Cholescintigraphy英语Cholescintigraphy
胰脏
  • Frey's procedure英语Frey's procedure
  • Pancreas transplantation英语Pancreas transplantation
  • Pancreatectomy英语Pancreatectomy
  • Pancreaticoduodenectomy英语Pancreaticoduodenectomy
  • Puestow procedure英语Puestow procedure
腹骨盆腔英语Abdominopelvic cavity
腹膜
  • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage英语Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
  • Intraperitoneal injection英语Intraperitoneal injection
  • 腹腔鏡手術
  • Omentopexy英语Omentopexy
  • Paracentesis英语Paracentesis
  • 腹膜透析
  • 疝修補手術英语Hernia repair腹股溝疝修補手術英语Inguinal hernia surgery
  • 股疝修補手術
其他手术
  • 剖腹手术
    • Exploratory laparotomy英语Exploratory laparotomy
  • Rapid urease test英语Rapid urease test / Urea breath test英语Urea breath test
CPR英语Clinical prediction rules
  • MELD英语Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
  • PELD英语Pediatric end-stage liver disease
  • UKELD英语United Kingdom Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
  • Child-Pugh分期系統
  • Ranson criteria英语Ranson criteria
  • Milan criteria英语Milan criteria