List of Indian monarchs

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This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.

The Indian subcontinent, the main centre of Indian culture

The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

Vedic India (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)

Kingdom of Magadha

List of monarchs of Magadha

Kingdom of Kashmir

List of monarchs of Kashmir

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

Kings of Gandhara

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kuru

Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

Haiheyas

  1. Sahasrajit
  2. Satajit
  3. Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
  4. Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
  5. Netra
  6. Kunti
  7. Sohanji
  8. Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
  9. Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
  10. Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
  11. Durdama
  12. Bhima
  13. Samhata
  14. Kanaka
  15. Dhanaka
  16. Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Rohitashva)
  17. Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
  18. Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
  19. Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
  20. Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
  21. Madhu
  22. Vrshni

Pradyota dynasty

Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kings of Videha

Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

Kings of Kalinga

Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

Kings of Kosala:[3]

Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)

Kings of Panchala:

Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Kings of Anga:

Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)

Kings of Kamboja:

Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)

Rulers of Shakya:

Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Portrait Name Birth Death Ruler From (in BCE) Ruler Until (in BCE) Marriages Claim
Vijaya Vijaya ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali 		505
Tambapanni 		543 505 Kuveni
two children Pandu Princes 		Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni
Upatissa
(regent) 		- - 505 504 Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
Panduvasdeva - - 504 474 Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 454 Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) 		- - 454 437 Younger brother of Abhaya

Ancient and Early Mediaeval South Indian dynasties

Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE)

Early Pandyans

Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)

Ancient Chera kings

Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)

Makotai Cheras

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):

Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1279 CE)

Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE):

Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)


Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE – 1200 CE)

Major dynasties of Velir are-

Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)

Early Ay Kings

Medieval Ay Kings

Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)

List of Pallava kings

Kadamba dynasties (345 – 1310 CE)

Principality of Banavasi (Kadamba dynasty) (c. 345 – 540 CE)

Banavasi branch rulers-

Triparvatha branch rulers-

Principality of Goa (960 – 1345 CE)

Principality of Hangal (980 – 1275 CE)

known rulers are-

Other minor Kadamba principalities

Kadambas of Halasi
Kadambas of Bankapur
Kadambas of Bayalnad
Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
Kadambas of Uchchangi
Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)

Principality of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

Prince of Banavasi

Pricipality of Denduluru (Vishnukundina dynasty) (c. 420–624 CE)

Prince of Denduluru

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

Chalukya dynasty monarchs

Middle Kingdoms (c. 250s BCE – 550s CE)

Kingdom of the Deccan or Dakshinapath (Satavahana dynasty) (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)

Satavahana kings

Kingdom of Kalinga (Mahameghavahana dynasty) (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)

List of Manipuri kings

Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:

Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)

List of Indo-Greek Kings

Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)

List of Kushan emperors

Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

List of Indo-Parthian kings

Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

List of Indo-Sasanian kings

Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

List of Alchon Hun Kings

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

Kings of Banavasi

Khokhra chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)

List of Nagvanshi chiefs

Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)

Kings of Padmavati

Principality of Samatata (Chandra dynasty) (c. 202–1050 CE)

Prince of Samatata

Kingdom of Abhira (203–370 CE)

Principality of Khoh (c. 221–1028 CE)

Prince of Khoh

Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Vakataka family tree

Kingdom of Malwa (c. 300 – 550 CE)

List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)

Kingdom of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)

Kings of Kamarupa

Princiaplity of Talakad (Western Gangas) (350–1424 CE)

Prince of Talakad

Kingdom of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

Kings of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

Other minor Ganga states

Principality of Gudari Kataka

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[6]

Principality of Chikiti (c. 881–1950 CE)

Prince of Chikiti

Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers (c. 1309–1950)

Zamindars of Parlakhemundi

Principality of Aparanta (Traikutaka dynasty) (c. 370–520 CE)

Prince of Aparanta

Kingdom of Vallabhi (Maitraka dynasty) (c. 475–776 CE)

Kings of Vallabhi

Kingdom of Sindh (Rai dynasty) (c. 489–632 CE)

Kings of Sindh (Rai)

Kabul Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties):

Principality of Thanesar (Pushyabhuti dynasty) (c. 500 – 647 CE)

Prince of Thanesar

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

Rulers of Jantia

Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)

Kingdom of Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)

Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)

Rulers-

Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[8]

Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)

Rulers-

Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)

Regin of known rulers is disputed-[9][10]

Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.

Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)

List of rulers–
List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Nagabhata I 730–760
2 Kakustha and Devaraja 760–780
3 Vatsaraja 780–800
4 Nagabhata II 800–833
5 Ramabhadra 833–836
6 Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I 836–885
7 Mahendrapala I 885–910
8 Bhoja II 910–913
9 Mahipala I 913–944
10 Mahendrapala II 944–948
11 Devapala 948–954
12 Vinayakapala 954–955
13 Mahipala II 955–956
14 Vijayapala II 956–960
15 Rajapala 960–1018
16 Trilochanapala 1018–1027
17 Yasahpala 1024–1036

Other Pratihara Branches

Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–

Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[11]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)
1 Chahamana (mythical)
2 Vasu-deva c. 551 CE (disputed)
3 Samanta-raja 684–709
4 Nara-deva 709–721
5 Ajaya-raja I 721–734
6 Vigraha-raja I 734–759
7 Chandra-raja I 759–771
8 Gopendra-raja 771–784
9 Durlabha-raja I 784–809
10 Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I 809–836
11 Chandra-raja II 836–863
12 Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II 863–890
13 Chandana-raja 890–917
14 Vakpati-raja 917–944
15 Simha-raja 944–971
16 Vigraha-raja II 971–998
17 Durlabha-raja II 998–1012
18 Govinda-raja III 1012–1026
19 Vakpati-raja II 1026–1040
20 Viryarama 1040 (few months)
21 Chamunda-raja 1040–1065
22 Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala 1065–1070
23 Vigraha-raja III alias Visala 1070–1090
24 Prithvi-raja I 1090–1110
25 Ajaya-raja II 1110–1135
26 Arno-raja alias Ana 1135–1150
27 Jagad-deva 1150
28 Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva 1150–1164
29 Apara-gangeya 1164–1165
30 Prithvi-raja II 1165–1169
31 Someshvara 1169–1178
32 Prithviraja III Rai Pithora 1177–1192
33 Govinda-raja IV 1192–1193
34 Hari-raja 1193–1194

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Lakshmana 950–982
2 Shobhita 982–986
3 Baliraja 986–990
4 Vigrahapala 990–994
5 Mahindra 994–1015
6 Ashvapala 1015–1019
7 Ahila 1019–1024
8 Anahilla 1024–1055
9 Balaprasada 1055–1070
10 Jendraraja 1070–1080
11 Prithvipala 1080–1090
12 Jojalladeva 1090–1110
13 Asharaja 1110–1119
14 Ratnapala 1119–1132
15 Rayapala 1132–1145
16 Katukaraja 1145–1148
17 Alhanadeva 1148–1163
18 Kelhanadeva 1163–1193
19 Jayatasimha 1193–1197

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[12]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[13][14]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Kirti-pala 1160–1182
2 Samara-simha 1182–1204
3 Udaya-simha 1204–1257
4 Chachiga-deva 1257–1282
5 Samanta-simha 1282–1305
6 Kanhada-deva 1292–1311
7 Virama-deva 1311

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)

List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura
Serial no. Kings Reign (CE)
1 Govinda-raja 1192
2 Balhana-deva
3 Prahlada-deva
4 Viranarayana
5 Vagabhata
6 Jaitra-simha
7 Shakti-deva
8 Hammira-deva 1283–1311

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

  1. Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
  2. Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
  3. Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)

Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)

List of Guhila dynasty rulers
Nu. King (Rawal) Reign (CE)
1 Rawal Guhil 566–586
2 Rawal Bhoj 586–606
3 Rawal Mahendra I 606–626
4 Rawal Naga (Nagaditya) 626–646
5 Rawal Shiladitya 646–661
6 Rawal Aprajeet 661–688
7 Rawal Mahendra II 688–716
8 Bappa Rawal 728–753
9 Rawal Khuman I 753–773
10 Rawal Mattat 773–793
11 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I 793–813
12 Rawal Sinh 813–828
13 Rawal Khuman II 828–853
14 Rawal Mahayak 853–878
15 Rawal Khuman III 878–926
16 Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II 926–951
17 Rawal Allat 951–971
18 Rawal Narwahan 971–973
19 Rawal Saliwahan 973–977
20 Rawal Shakti Kumar 977–993
21 Rawal Amba Prasad 993–1007
22 Rawal Shuchivarma 1007–1021
23 Rawal Narvarma 1021–1035
24 Rawal Keertivarma 1035–1051
25 Rawal Yograj 1051–1068
26 Rawal Vairath 1068–1088
27 Rawal Hanspal 1088–1103
28 Rawal Vair Singh 1103–1107
29 Rawal Vijai Singh 1107–1116
30 Rawal Ari Singh I 1116–1138
31 Rawal Chaudh Singh 1138–1148
32 Rawal Vikram Singh 1148–1158
33 Rawal Ran Singh 1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34 Rawal Khshem Singh 1168–1172
35 Rawal Samant Singh 1172–1179
36 Rawal Kumar Singh 1179–1191
37 Rawal Mathan Singh 1191–1211
38 Rawal Padam Singh 1211–1213
39 Rawal Jaitra Singh 1213–1252
40 Rawal Tej Singh 1252–1273
41 Rawal Samar Singh 1273–1302
42 Rawal Ratan Singh 1302–1303

Branching of Guhil dynasty

During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.

Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers
Nu. King (Rana) Reign (CE)
1 Rahapa/Karna 1168 CE
2 Narapati
3 Dinakara
4 Jasakarna
5 Nagapala
6 Karnapala
7 Bhuvanasimha
8 Bhimasimha
9 Jayasimha
10 Lakhanasimha
11 Arisimha
12 Hammir Singh 1326 CE

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)

Picture King (Maharana) Reign
Hammir Singh 1326–1364
Kshetra Singh 1364–1382
Lakha Singh 1382–1421
Mokal Singh 1421–1433
Rana Kumbha 1433–1468
Udai Singh I 1468–1473
Rana Raimal 1473–1508
Rana Sanga 1508–1527
Ratan Singh II 1528–1531
Vikramaditya Singh 1531–1536
Vanvir Singh 1536–1540
Udai Singh II 1540–1572
Maharana Pratap 1572–1597
Amar Singh I 1597–1620
Karan Singh II 1620–1628
Jagat Singh I 1628–1652
Raj Singh I 1652–1680
Jai Singh 1680–1698
Amar Singh II 1698–1710
Sangram Singh II 1710–173
Jagat Singh II 1734–1751
Pratap Singh II 1751–1754
Raj Singh II 1754–1762
Ari Singh II 1762–1772
Hamir Singh II 1772–1778
Bhim Singh 1778–1828
Jawan Singh 1828–1838
Sardar Singh 1838–1842
Swarup Singh 1842–1861
Shambhu Singh 1861–1874
Sajjan Singh 1874–1884
Fateh Singh 1884–1930
Bhupal Singh 1930–1948

1948-1955
(titular)
Titular Maharanas
Bhagwat Singh 1955–1984
Mahendra Singh 1984–present


Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)

Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are

Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[15]

Under the Umayyad Caliphate

Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)

Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[17][18]

Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs
No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned No. Name Reign Years Reigned
1 Kanak Pal 688–699 11 21 Vikram Pal 1116–1131 15 41 Vijay Pal 1426–1437 11
2 Shyam Pal 699–725 26 22 Vichitra Pal 1131–1140 9 42 Sahaj Pal 1437–1473 36
3 Pandu Pal 725–756 31 23 Hans Pal 1141–1152 11 43 Bahadur Shah 1473–1498 25
4 Abhijat Pal 756–780 24 24 Som Pal 1152–1159 7 44 Man Shah 1498–1518 20
5 Saugat Pal 781–800 19 25 Kadil Pal 1159–1164 5 45 Shyam Shah 1518–1527 9
6 Ratna Pal 800–849 49 26 Kamadev Pal 1172–1179 7 46 Mahipat Shah 1527–1552 25
7 Shali Pal 850–857 7 27 Sulakshan Dev 1179–1197 18 47 Prithvi Shah 1552–1614 62
8 Vidhi Pal 858–877 19 28 Lakhan Dev 1197–1220 23 48 Medini Shah 1614–1660 46
9 Madan Pal 877–894 17 29 Anand Pal II 1220–1241 21 49 Fateh Shah 1660–1708 48
10 Bhakti Pal 895–919 24 30 Purva Dev 1241–1260 19 50 Upendra Shah 1708–1709 1
11 Jayachand Pal 920–948 28 31 Abhay Dev 1260–1267 7 51 Pradip Shah 1709–1772 63
12 Prithvi Pal 949–971 22 32 Jayaram Dev 1267–1290 23 52 Lalit Shah 1772–1780 8
13 Medinisen Pal 972–995 23 33 Asal Dev 1290–1299 9 53 Jayakrit Shah 1780–1786 6
14 Agasti Pal 995–1014 19 34 Jagat Pal 1299–1311 12 54 Pradyumna Shah 1786–1804 18
15 Surati Pal 1015–1036 21 35 Jit Pal 1311–1330 19 55 Sudarshan Shah 1804–1859 55
16 Jay Pal 1037–1055 18 36 Anant Pal II 1330–1358 28 56 Bhawani Shah 1859–1871 12
17 Anant Pal I 1056–1072 16 37 Ajay Pal 1358–1389 31 57 Pratap Shah 1871–1886 15
18 Anand Pal I 1072–1083 11 38 Kalyan Shah 1389–1398 9 58 Kirti Shah 1886–1913 27
19 Vibhog Pal 1084–1101 17 39 Sundar Pal 1398–1413 15 59 Narendra Shah 1913–1946 33
20 Suvayanu Pal 1102–1115 13 40 Hansadev Pal 1413–1426 13 60 Manabendra Shah 1946–1949 3

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[19] (also known as Mallabhoom),[20]

Name of the king[21][22] Reign
Adi Malla 694–710
Jay Malla 710–720
Benu Malla 720–733
Kinu Malla 733–742
Indra Malla 742–757
Kanu Malla 757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla 764–775
Shur Malla 775–795
Kanak Malla 795–807
Kandarpa Malla 807–828
Sanatan Malla 828–841
Kharga Malla 841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla 862–906
Yadav Malla 906–919
Jagannath Malla 919–931
Birat Malla 931–946
Mahadev Malla 946–977
Durgadas Malla 977–994
Jagat Malla 994–1007
Ananta Malla 1007–1015
Rup Malla 1015–1029
Sundar Malla 1029–1053
Kumud Malla 1053–1074
Krishna Malla 1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla 1084–1097
Prakash Malla 1097–1102
Pratap Malla 1102–1113
Sindur Malla 1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla 1129–1142
Banamali Malla 1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla 1156–1167
Jiban Malla 1167–1185
Ram Malla 1185–1209
Gobinda Malla 1209–1240
Bhim Malla 1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla 1263–1295
Prithwi Malla 1295 -1319
Tapa Malla 1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla 1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla 1345–1358
Shur Malla II 1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla 1370–1407
Madan Malla 1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla 1420–1437
Uday Malla 1437–1460
Chandra Malla 1460–1501
Bir Malla 1501–1554
Dhari Malla 1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) 1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev 1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev 1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev 1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev 1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II 1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev 1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev 1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev 1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II 1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev 1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi 1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev 1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency) 1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur 1930–1947

Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)

Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:

King Reign
Som Chand 700–721
Atm Chand 721–740
Purn Chand 740–758
Indra Chand 758–778
Sansar Chand 778–813
Sudha Chand 813–833
Hamir Chand 833–856
Vina Chand 856–869
Vir Chand 1065–1080
Rup Chand 1080–1093
Laxmi Chand 1093–1113
Dharm Chand 1113–1121
Karm Chand 1121–1140
Ballal Chand 1140–1149
Nami Chand 1149–1170
Nar Chand 1170–1177
Nanaki Chand 1177–1195
Ram Chand 1195–1205
Bhishm Chand 1205–1226
Megh Chand 1226–1233
Dhyan Chand 1233–1251
Parvat Chand 1251–1261
Thor Chand 1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II 1275–1296
Trilok Chand 1296–1303
Damaru Chand 1303–1321
Dharm Chand 1321–1344
Abhay Chand 1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand 1374–1419
Harihar Chand 1419–1420
Udyan Chand 1420–1421
Atma Chand II 1421–1422
Hari Chand II 1422–1423
Vikram Chand 1423–1437
Bharati Chand 1437–1450
Ratna Chand 1450–1488
Kirti Chand 1488–1503
Pratap Chand 1503–1517
Tara Chand 1517–1533
Manik Chand 1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III 1542–1551
Purna Chand 1551–1555
Bhishm Chand 1555–1560
Balo Kalyan Chand 1560–1568
Rudra Chand 1568–1597
Laxmi Chand 1597–1621
Dilip Chand 1621–1624
Vijay Chand 1624–1625
Trimal Chand 1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand 1638–1678
Udyot Chand 1678–1698
Gyan Chand 1698–1708
Jagat Chand 1708–1720
Devi Chand 1720–1726
Ajit Chand 1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V 1729–1747
Deep Chand 1747–1777
Mohan Chand 1777–1779]]
Pradyumn Chand 1779–1786
Mohan Chand 1786–1788
Shiv Chand 1788
Mahendra Chand 1788–1790

Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)

The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[23]

List–

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[26]

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[27]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[28][29]
# Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript) Length of reign
Years Months Days
1 Ananga Pāla Bilan Dev 736 18 0 0
2 Vasu Deva 754 19 1 18
3 Gangya Ganggeva 773 21 3 28
4 Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) Prathama Mahi Pāla 794 19 6 19
5 Jaya Deva Saha Deva Jadu Pāla 814 20 7 28
6 Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla Indrajita (I) Nai Pāla 834 14 4 9
7 Udiraj (or Adereh) Nara Pāla Jaya Deva Pāla 849 26 7 11
8 Vijaya (or Vacha) Indrajita (II) Chamra Pāla 875 21 2 13
9 Biksha (or Anek) Vacha Raja Bibasa Pāla 897 22 3 16
10 Rīksha Pāla Vira Pāla Sukla Pāla 919 21 6 5
11 Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) Go-Pāla Teja Pāla 940 20 4 4
12 Go-Pāla Tillan Dev Mahi Pāla 961 18 3 15
13 Sallakshana Pāla Suvari Sursen 979 25 10 10
14 Jaya Pāla Osa Pāla Jaik Pāla 1005 16 4 3
15 Kunwar Pāla Kumara Pāla 1021 29 9 18
16 Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) Ananga Pāla Anek Pāla 1051 29 6 18
17 Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) Teja Pāla Teja Pāla 1081 24 1 6
18 Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) Mahi Pāla Jyūn Pāla 1105 25 2 23
19 Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) Mukund Pāla Ane Pāla 1130 21 2 15
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) Prithvi Pala 1151

Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .

Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[30] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[31]

RC Majumdar (1971)[32] AM Chowdhury (1967)[33] BP Sinha (1977)[34][failed verification] DC Sircar (1975–76)[35] D. K. Ganguly (1994)[30]
Gopala I 750–770 756–781 755–783 750–775 750–774
Dharmapala 770–810 781–821 783–820 775–812 774–806
Devapala 810–c. 850 821–861 820–860 812–850 806–845
Mahendrapala NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) 845–860
Shurapala I Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I 850–858 860–872
Gopala II NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I 850–853 861–866 860–865 858–60 872–873
Narayanapala 854–908 866–920 865–920 860–917 873–927
Rajyapala 908–940 920–952 920–952 917–952 927–959
Gopala III 940–957 952–969 952–967 952–972 959–976
Vigrahapala II 960–c. 986 969–995 967–980 972–977 976–977
Mahipala I 988–c. 1036 995–1043 980–1035 977–1027 977–1027
Nayapala 1038–1053 1043–1058 1035–1050 1027–1043 1027–1043
Vigrahapala III 1054–1072 1058–1075 1050–1076 1043–1070 1043–1070
Mahipala II 1072–1075 1075–1080 1076–1078/9 1070–1071 1070–1071
Shurapala II 1075–1077 1080–1082 1071–1072 1071–1072
Ramapala 1077–1130 1082–1124 1078/9–1132 1072–1126 1072–1126
Kumarapala 1130–1140 1124–1129 1132–1136 1126–1128 1126–1128
Gopala IV 1140–1144 1129–1143 1136–1144 1128–1143 1128–1143
Madanapala 1144–1162 1143–1162 1144–1161/62 1143–1161 1143–1161
Govindapala 1158–1162 NA 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 1161–1165 1161–1165
Palapala NA NA NA 1165–1199 1165–1200

Note:[31]

Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)

Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
  2. Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
  3. Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
  4. Avasara I (845–870 CE)
  5. Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
  6. Avasara II (895–920 CE)
  7. Indraraja (920–945 CE)
  8. Bhima (945–970 CE)
  9. Avasara III (970–995 CE)
  10. Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)

North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
  2. Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
  3. Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
  4. Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
  5. Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
  6. Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
  7. Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
  8. Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
  9. Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
  10. Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
  11. Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
  12. Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
  13. Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
  14. Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
  15. Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
  16. Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
  17. Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
  18. Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
  19. Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
  20. Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
  21. Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
  22. Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
  23. Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

List of rulers–
  1. Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
  2. Naivarman (960–980 CE)
  3. Chandra (980–1000 CE)
  4. Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
  5. Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
  6. Guhala I (1050 CE)
  7. Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
  8. Chandraditya (1050 CE)
  9. Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
  10. Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
  11. Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
  12. Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
  13. Gonka II (1108 CE)
  14. Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
  15. Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
  16. Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[39][40]

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)

According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[42] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

List of Paramara dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 King Paramar (Legendary)
2 Upendra Krishnraja early 9th century
3 Vairisimha (I) early 9th century
4 Siyaka (I) mid of 9th century
5 Vakpatiraj (I) late 9th to early 10th century
6 Vairisimha (II) mid of 10th century
7 Siyaka (II) 940–972
8 Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja 972–990
9 Sindhuraja 990–1010
10 Bhoja 1010–1055
11 JayasimhaI 1055–1070
12 Udayaditya 1070–1086
13 Lakshmadeva 1086–1094
14 Naravarman 1094–1133
15 Yashovarman 1133–1142
16 Jayavarman I 1142–1143
17 Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala 1143–1175
18 Vindhyavarman 1175–1194
19 Subhatavarman 1194–1209
20 Arjunavarman I 1210–1215
21 Devapala 1215/1218–1239
22 Jaitugideva 1239–1255
23 Jayavarman II 1255–1274
24 Arjunavarman II 1274–1285
25 Bhoja II 1285–1301
26 Mahalakadeva 1301–1305

After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.

Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)

Ruler Reign
Avantivarman 853/855 – 883 CE
Shankaravarman 883 – 902 CE
Gopalavarman 902 – 904 CE
Sankata 904 CE
Sugandha 904 – 906 CE
Partha 906 – 921 CE
Nirjitavarman 921 – 922 CE
Chakravarman 922 – 933 CE
Shuravarman I 933 – 934 CE
Partha (2nd reign) 934 – 935 CE
Chakravarman (2nd reign) 935 CE
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) 935 – 936 CE
Chakravarman (3rd reign) 936 – 937 CE
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") 937 – 939 CE
Shuravarman II 939 CE
Yashaskara-deva 939 CE
Varnata 948 CE
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) 948 CE
Parvagupta 948 – 950 CE
Kshemagupta 950 – 958 CE
Abhimanyu II 958 – 972 CE
Nandigupta 972 – 973 CE
Tribhuvanagupta 973 – 975 CE
Bhimagupta 975 – 980 CE
Didda 980 to 1009/1012 CE

Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.

Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)

Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[43]

Name (IAST) Regnal name (IAST) Reign
Janmejaya I Mahābhavagupta I c. 882–922
Yayāti I Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) c. 922–955
Bhīmaratha Mahābhavagupta II c. 955–980
Dharmaratha Mahāśivagupta II c. 980–1005
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) Mahābhavagupta III c. 1005–1021
Yayāti II Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III c. 1025–1040
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) Mahābhavagupta IV c. 1040–1065
Janmejaya II Mahāśivagupta IV c. 1065–1085
Purañjaya Mahābhavagupta V c. 1085–1110
Karṇadeva Mahāśivagupta V c. 1100–1110

Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)

S.nu King Reign (CE)
1 Brahma Pala 900–920
2 Ratna Pala 920–960
3 Indra Pala 960–990
4 Go Pala aka Gopalavarman 990–1015
5 Harsha Pala 1015–1035
6 Dharma Pala 1035–1060
7 Jaya Pala 1075–1100

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)

The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[44][45] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:

Regional Name IAST Name Reign (CE)
Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja c. 930–950
Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha c. 970–990
Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000
Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020
Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla c. 1040–1050
Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II c. 1060–1090
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva c. 1090–1115
Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145
Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160
Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ?
Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)

Known Maryul rulers are-

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[46][47][48]

Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.

Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[49][50]

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,[53] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[59]

Titular rulers

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Hoysala Kings
Nripa Kama II1026–1047
Vinayaditya1047–1098
Ereyanga1098–1102
Veera Ballala I1102–1108
Vishnuvardhana1108–1152
Narasimha I1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II1173–1220
Vira Narasimha II1220–1235
Vira Someshwara1235–1263
Narasimha III1263–1292
Veera Ballala III1292–1343
Harihara Raya1342–1355
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Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)

The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[60][61] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

First Lohara dynasty

Ruler Reign[62] ! Ascension year
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) 25 Years 1003 CE
Hariraja 22 days 1028 CE
Ananta-deva 35 Years 1028 CE
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) 26 Years 1063 CE
Utkarsha 22 days 1089 CE
Harsha 12 Years died in 1101 CE

Second Lohara dynasty

Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)

The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[63]

List–

Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)

Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)

List of Sena dynasty dynasty rulers
Serial No. Ruler Reign (CE)
1 Hemanta Sen 1070–1096
2 Vijay Sen 1096–1159
3 Ballal Sen 1159–1179
4 Lakshman Sen 1179–1206
5 Vishwarup Sen 1206–1225
6 Keshab Sen 1225–1230

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)

List of rulers–

Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)

List of rulers–[68][69]
S.N. Ruler Regin
1 Nanyadeva 1097–1147
2 Gangadeva 1147–1187
3 Narsimhadeva 1187–1227
4 Ramasimhadeva 1227–1285
5 Shaktisimhadeva 1285–1295
6 Harisimhadeva 1295–1324

Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)

List of rulers

Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)

Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)

Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)

Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Siha 1226 1273
2 Rao Asthan 1273 1292
3 Rao Doohad 1292 1309
4 Rao Raipal 1309 1313
5 Rao Kanhapal 1313 1323
6 Rao Jalansi 1323 1328
7 Rao Chado 1328 1344
8 Rao Tida 1344 1357
9 Rao Kanha Dev 1357 1374
10 Rao Viram Dev 1374 1383
11 Rao Chandra 1383 1424
12 Rao Kanha 1424 1427
13 Rao Ranmal 1427 1438
Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)
Name Reign began Reign ended
1 Rao Jodha 12 May 1438 6 April 1489
2 Rao Satal 6 April 1489 March 1492
3 Rao Suja March 1492 2 October 1515
4 Rao Biram Singh 2 October 1515 8 November 1515
5 Rao Ganga 8 November 1515 9 May 1532
6 Rao Maldeo 9 May 1532 7 November 1562
7 Rao Chandra Sen 7 November 1562 1581
8 Raja Udai Singh 4 August 1583 11 July 1595
9 Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal 11 July 1595 7 September 1619
10 Maharaja Gaj Singh I 7 September 1619 6 May 1638
11 Maharaja Jaswant Singh 6 May 1638 28 December 1678
12 Maharaja Ajit Singh 19 February 1679 24 June 1724
13 Raja Indra Singh 9 June 1679 4 August 1679
14 Maharaja Abhai Singh 24 June 1724 18 June 1749
15 Maharaja Ram Singh First reign 18 June 1749 July 1751
16 Maharaja Bakht Singh July 1751 21 September 1752
17 Maharaja Vijay Singh 21 September 1752 31 January 1753
18 Maharaja Ram Singh 31 January 1753 September 1772
19 Maharaja Vijay Singh September 1772 17 July 1793
20 Maharaja Bhim Singh 17 July 1793 19 October 1803
21 Maharaja Man Singh 19 October 1803 4 September 1843
22 Maharaja Sir Takht Singh 4 September 1843 13 February 1873
23 Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II 13 February 1873 11 October 1895
24 Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh 20 March 1911
25 Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh 20 March 1911 3 October 1918
26 Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh 3 October 1918 9 June 1947
27 Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh 9 June 1947 7 April 1949
28 (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur 26 January 1952 Present

Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)

The list of Swargadeos of the Ahom Kingdom
Years Reign Ahom name Other names succession End of reign Capital
1228–1268 40y Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1268–1281 13y Suteuphaa son of Sukaphaa natural death Charaideo
1281–1293 8y Subinphaa son of Suteuphaa natural death Charaideo
1293–1332 39y Sukhaangphaa son of Subinphaa natural death Charaideo
1332–1364 32y Sukhrangpha son of Sukhaangphaa natural death Charaideo
1364–1369 5y Interregnum[70]
1369–1376 7y Sutuphaa brother of Sukhrangphaa[71] assassinated[72] Charaideo
1376–1380 4y Interregnum
1380–1389 9y Tyao Khamti brother of Sutuphaa assassinated[73] Charaideo
1389–1397 8y Interregnum
1397–1407 10y Sudangphaa Baamuni Konwar son of Tyao Khaamti[74] natural death Charagua
1407–1422 15y Sujangphaa son of Sudangphaa natural death
1422–1439 17y Suphakphaa son of Sujangpha natural death
1439–1488 49y Susenphaa son of Suphakphaa natural death
1488–1493 5y Suhenphaa son of Susenphaa assassinated[75]
1493–1497 4y Supimphaa son of Suhenphaa natural death
1497–1539 42y Suhungmung Swarganarayan,
Dihingiaa Rojaa I 		son of Supimphaa assassinated[76] Bakata
1539–1552 13y Suklenmung Garhgayaan Rojaa son of Suhungmung natural death Garhgaon
1552–1603 51y Sukhaamphaa Khuraa Rojaa son of Suklenmung natural death Garhgaon
1603–1641 38y Susenghphaa Prataap Singha,
Burhaa Rojaa,
Buddhiswarganarayan 		son of Sukhaamphaa natural death Garhgaon
1641–1644 3y Suramphaa Jayaditya Singha,
Bhogaa Rojaa 		son of Susenghphaa deposed[77] Garhgaon
1644–1648 4y Sutingphaa Noriyaa Rojaa brother of Suramphaa deposed[78] Garhgaon
1648–1663 15y Sutamla Jayadhwaj Singha,
Bhoganiyaa Rojaa 		son of Sutingphaa natural death Garhgaon/Bakata
1663–1670 7y Supangmung Chakradhwaj Singha cousin of Sutamla[79] natural death Bakata/Garhgaon
1670–1672 2y Sunyatphaa Udayaditya Singha brother of Supangmung[80] deposed[81]
1672–1674 2y Suklamphaa Ramadhwaj Singha brother of Sunyatphaa poisoned[82]
1674–1675 21d Suhung[83] Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung deposed[84]
1675-1675 24d Gobar Roja great-grandson of Suhungmung[85] deposed[86]
1675–1677 2y Sujinphaa[87] Arjun Konwar,
Dihingia Rojaa II 		grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain deposed, suicide[88]
1677–1679 2y Sudoiphaa Parvatia Rojaa great-grandson of Suhungmung[89] deposed, killed[90]
1679–1681 3y Sulikphaa Ratnadhwaj Singha,
Loraa Rojaa 		Samaguria family deposed, killed[91]
1681–1696 15y Supaatphaa Gadadhar Singha son of Gobar Rojaa natural death Borkola
1696–1714 18y Sukhrungphaa Rudra Singha son of Supaatphaa natural death Rangpur
1714–1744 30y Sutanphaa Siva Singha son Sukhrungphaa natural death
1744–1751 7y Sunenphaa Pramatta Singha brother of Sutanphaa natural death
1751–1769 18y Suremphaa Rajeswar Singha brother of Sunenphaa natural death
1769–1780 11y Sunyeophaa Lakshmi Singha brother of Suremphaa natural death
1780–1795 15y Suhitpangphaa Gaurinath Singha son of Sunyeophaa natural death Jorhat
1795–1811 16y Suklingphaa Kamaleswar Singha great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[92] natural death, smallpox Jorhat
1811–1818 7y Sudingphaa (1) Chandrakaanta Singha brother of Suklingphaa deposed[93] Jorhat
1818–1819 1y Purandar Singha (1) descendant of Suremphaa[93] deposed[94] Jorhat
1819–1821 2y Sudingphaa (2) Chandrakaanta Singha fled the capital[95]
1821–1822 1y Jogeswar Singha 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[96] removed[97]
1833–1838 Purandar Singha (2)[98]

Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)

List of rulers–

Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)

Manikya dynasty

List of rulers–
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Kings of Tripura
Maha Manikyac. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I1462–1487
Pratap Manikya1487
Vijaya Manikya I1488
Mukut Manikya1489
Dhanya Manikya1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya1515–1520
Deva Manikya1520–1530
Indra Manikya I1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II1532–1563
Ananta Manikya1563–1567
Udai Manikya I1567–1573
Joy Manikya I1573–1577
Amar Manikya1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya1600
Yashodhar Manikya1600–1623
Interregnum1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya1626–1660
Govinda Manikya1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya1661–1667
Govinda Manikya1661–1673
Rama Manikya1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II1685–1693
Narendra Manikya1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II1714–1725
Jagat Manikya1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II1729
Mukunda Manikya1729–1739
Joy Manikya IIc. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya IIc. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya IIc. 1744
Joy Manikya II1746
Vijaya Manikya III1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya1740s/1750s
Interregnum1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya1806–1809
Durga Manikya1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Pushbanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)
  • v
  • t
  • e

On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[100]

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.

Nayaka dynasty

Ruler Reign Capital
Prolaya 1323-1333 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Kapaya 1333-1368 Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Warangal annexed to Recherla
Singama I 1335-1361 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha I 1361-1384 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama II 1384-1399 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha II 1399-1421 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Mada 1421-1430 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama III 1430-1475 Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire
Kumaravira Timma I 1441-1462 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Chenna Vibhudu 1462-1505 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Vaiyappa 1464-1490 Gingee
(Gingee line)[101]
Tubaki Krishnappa 1490-1520 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Chaudappa 1499-1530 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Ramalinga 1505-1540 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra 1520-1540 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Viswanatha 1529-1564 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Sadashiva 1530-1566[102] Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chevappa 1532-1580 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Bangaru Timma 1540-1565 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Muthialu 1540-1570 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Krishnappa I 1564-1572 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Narasimha 1565-1598 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Sankanna I 1566-1570 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Timanna 1568-1589 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Sankanna II the Younger
(Chikka Sankanna)		 1570-1580 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Venkatappa 1570-1600 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Virappa 1572-1595 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Ramaraja 1580-1586 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Achuthappa 1580-1614 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Venkatappa I the Elder
(Hiriya Venkatappa)		 1586-1629 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna-Madakari I 1589-1602 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Krishnappa II 1595-1601 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Timma 1598-1623 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Varadappa 1600-1620 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Muthu Krishnappa 1601-1609 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Kasturi Rangappa I 1602-1652 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Muthu Virappa I 1609-1623 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Raghunatha 1614-1634 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Appa 1620-1649 Gingee
(Gingee line)
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate
Chenna Timma 1623-1652 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Tirumala 1623-1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Virabhadra 1629-1645 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Vijaya Raghava 1634-1673 Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire
Shivappa 1645-1660 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari II 1652-1674 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Kumaravira Timma II 1652-1685 Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda
Muthu Virappa II 1659 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Chokanatha I 1659-1682 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Venkatappa II the Younger
(Chikka Venkatappa)		 1660-1662 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Bhadrappa 1662-1664 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara I 1664-1672 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chennamma 1672-1697 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna II 1674-1675 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Shoora Kantha 1675-1676 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chikanna 1676-1686 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689)
Aranga Krishna
Muthu Virappa III		 1682-1689 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Madakari III 1686-1688 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Donne Rangappa 1688-1689 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704)
Vijayaranga
Chokanatha II		 1689-1732 Madurai
(Madurai line)
Bharamana 1689-1721 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basavappa 1697-1714 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara II 1714-1739 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari IV 1721-1748 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Meenakshi 1732-1736 Madurai
(Madurai line).
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic
Basavappa 1739-1754 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha 1739-1747 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha 1747-1782 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kasturi Rangappa II 1748-1758 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basappa 1754-1759 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari V 1758-1779 Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Virammaji 1759-1763 Keladi
(Keladi line)
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha 1782-1798 Kandy
(Kandy line)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha 1798-1815[103][104] Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kandy becomes a British colony

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

Other Nayaka kingdoms

Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)

List of rulers–

Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)

List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[107]

Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)

Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.[110]

Serial no. Regnal names Reign (CE)
Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)
1 Harihara I 1336–1356
2 Bukka Raya I 1356–1377
3 Harihara II 1377–1404
4 Virupaksha Raya 1404–1405
5 Bukka Raya II 1405–1406
6 Deva Raya 1406–1422
7 Ramachandra Raya 1422
8 Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya 1422–1424
9 Deva Raya II 1424–1446
10 Mallikarjuna Raya 1446–1465
11 Virupaksha Raya II 1465–1485
12 Praudha Raya 1485
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)
13 Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya 1485–1491
14 Thimma Bhupala 1491
15 Narasimha Raya II 1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)
16 Tuluva Narasa Nayaka 1491–1503
17 Viranarasimha Raya 1503–1509
18 Krishnadevaraya 1509–1529
19 Achyuta Deva Raya 1529–1542
20 Sadasiva Raya 1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)
21 Aliya Rama Raya 1542–1565
22 Tirumala Deva Raya 1565–1572
23 Sriranga Deva Raya 1572–1586
24 Venkatapati Deva Raya 1586–1614
25 Sriranga II 1614–1617
26 Rama Deva Raya 1617–1632
27 Peda Venkata Raya 1632–1642
28 Sriranga III 1642–1646/1652

Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)

Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)

Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)
Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)

List of Kingdoms and their rulers are

Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[111][112]

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) Reign Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[113]
Uddharaṇa-deva 1400–1402 CE Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[114]
Virāma-deva 1402–1423 CE Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva 1423–1425 CE Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha 1425–1459 CE Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva 1459–1480 CE Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla 1480–1486 CE Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha 1486–1516 CE Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya 1516–1523 CE Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)

List of rulers

Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE)

Rulers–
Picture King Reign
Kapilendra Deva 1434–1467
Purushottama Deva 1467–1497
Prataparudra Deva 1497–1540
Kalua Deva 1540–1541
Kakharua Deva 1541

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE)

Rulers–
Name Reign Began (in CE) Reign Ended (in CE)
1 Rao Bika 1465 1504
2 Rao Narayan Singh 1504 1505
3 Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan) 1505 1526
4 Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi) 1526 1542
5 Rao Kalyan Mal 1542 1574
6 Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh) 1574 1612
7 Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip) 1612 1613
8 Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya 1613 1631
9 Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah) 1631 1667
10 Anup Singh 1669 1698
11 Rao Sarup Singh 1698 1700
12 Rao Sujan Singh 1700 1735
13 Rao Zorawar Singh 1735 1746
14 Rao Gaj Singh 1746 1787
15 Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh) 1787 1787
16 Rao Pratap Singh 1787 1787
17 Rao Surat Singh 1787 1828
18 Rao Ratan Singh 1828 1851
19 Rao Sardar Singh 1851 1872
20 Dungar Singh 1872 1887
21 Ganga Singh 1887 1943
22 Sadul Singh 1943 1947
23 Karni Singh 1947 1971

Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE)

Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)

Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (c. 15th–17th century CE)

List of known rulers–

Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)

Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.[citation needed]

  1. Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
  2. Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
  3. Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
  4. Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
  5. Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
  6. Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
  7. Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
  8. Godavarma (1637–1645)
  9. Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
  10. Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
  11. Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
  12. Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
  13. Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
  14. Goda Varma (1662–1663)
  15. Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
  16. Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
  17. Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
  18. Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
  19. Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
  20. Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
  21. Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
  22. Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
  23. Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
  24. Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
  25. Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
  26. Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
  27. Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
  28. Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Kollam Era))
  29. Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
  30. Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
  31. Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
  32. Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
  33. Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
  34. Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
  35. Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
  36. Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
  37. Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
  38. Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
  39. Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
  40. Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
  41. Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
  42. Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran

Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)

Rulers of Darrang

Rulers of Beltola

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar.

Rulers of Khaspur

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:[116]

Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1526–1947 CE)

List of rulers–

Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE)

Mughal emperors

Portrait Titular Name Birth (modern-day name) Reign Death
1 Babur 14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan 20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530

(4 years 8 months 9 days)

26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India
2 Humayun 6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan 26 December 1530  – 17 May 1540

22 February 1555 – 27 January 1556

(10 years 3 months 25 days)

27 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India
3 Akbar 15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan 11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605   

(49 years 9 months 0 days)

27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India 
4 Jahangir 31 August 1569 Agra, India 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627

(21 years 11 months 23 days)

28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India
5 Shah Jahan 5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658

(30 years 8 months 25 days)

22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India
6 Aurangzeb 3 November 1618 Gujarat, India 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707

(48 years 7 months 0 days)

3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India
7 Azam Shah 28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 20 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India
8 Bahadur Shah I 14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712

(4 years, 253 days) 

27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan
9 Jahandar Shah 9 May 1661 Deccan, India 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713

(0 years, 350 days)

12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India
10 Farrukhsiyar
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha 		20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719

(6 years, 48 days)

19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India
11 Rafi ud-Darajat
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha 		1 December 1699 28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719

(0 years, 98 days)

6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India
12 Shah Jahan II
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha 		5 January 1696 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719

(0 years, 105 days)

18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India
13 Muhammad Shah
Puppet Emperor Under the Sayyids of Barha 		7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748

(28 years, 212 days)

26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India
14 Ahmad Shah Bahadur 23 December 1725 Delhi, India 29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754

(6 years, 37 days)

1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India
15 Alamgir II 6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India 3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759

(5 years, 180 days)

29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India
16 Shah Jahan III 1711 10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760

(282 days)

1772 (aged 60–61)
17 Shah Alam II 25 June 1728 Delhi, India 10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788

(27 years, 301 days)

19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India
18 Mahmud Shah Bahadur 1749 Delhi, India 31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788

(63 days)

1790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India
19 Shah Alam II
Puppet Emperor under the Marathas 		25 June 1728 Delhi, India 16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806

(18 years, 339 days)

19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India
20 Akbar II
Puppet Emperor under the East India Company 		22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837

(30 years, 321 days)

28 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India
21 Bahadur Shah II 24 October 1775 Delhi, India 28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857

(19 years, 360 days)

7 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Myanmar

Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)

Bhoi dynasty (c. 1541–1947 CE)

Gajapati of Odisha

Khurda Kingdom

Dhenkanal State

List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the Bhoi dynasty branch:[120]

Puri Estate

Kingdom of Ramnad (c. 1601–1949 CE)

As Sethupathi chieftains of Madurai Nayaks (1601 – 1677)

Imperial Sethupathi rulers (1678 – 1795 CE)

Rulers of princely state (1795 – 1949 CE)

As queen
As Zamindars

Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE)

Rulers-

Maratha Confederacy (1674–1818 CE)

House of Bhonsle

Ruler Birth Reign Death Capital
Shivaji I 19 February 1630[122] 1674-1680 3 April 1680 Raigad
Venkoji I 1632 1674-1686 1686 Tanjore
Sambhaji I 14 May 1657 1681-1689 11 March 1689 Raigad
Shahuji I 1672 1684-1712 1712 Tanjore
Rajaram I 24 February 1670 1689-1700 3 March 1700 Raigad
Regency of Queen Tarabai (1700–1707)
Shivaji II 9 June 1696 1700–1707 14 March 1726 Raigad
1710–1714 Kolhapur
Shahu I 18 May 1682 1707-1749 15 December 1749 Raigad
(until 1731)

Satara
(from 1731)
The Kingdom was divided between two branches of the family, the Satara and the Kolhapur (c. 1707–1710); the division was formalized in 1731.
Serfoji I 1675 1712-1728 1728 Tanjore
Sambhaji II 1698 1714–1760 18 December 1760 Kolhapur
Tukkoji 1677 1728-1736 1736 Tanjore
Venkoji II 1694 1736-1737 1737 Tanjore
Sujanabai c.1695? 1737-1738 1738 Tanjore
Shahuji II c.1710? 1738-1739 After 1739 Tanjore
Raghoji I the Great 1695 1739-1755 February 1755 Nagpur
Pratapsingh c.1695 1739-1763 16 December 1763 Tanjore
Rajaram II June 1726 1749-1777 11 December 1777 Satara
Janoji 19 February 1630 1755-1772 16 May 1772 Nagpur
Shivaji III 1756 1760-1813 24 April 1813 Kolhapur
Thuljaji 1738 1763-1773

1776-1787		 1787 Tanjore
Mudhoji I ? 1772-1788 1788 Nagpur
Shahu II 1763 1777-1808 3 May 1808 Satara
Regency of Prince Amar Singh of Thanjavur (1787-1793)
Serfoji II 24 September 1777 1787-1793

1798-1832		 7 March 1832 Tanjore
Raghoji II ? 1788-1816 22 March Nagpur
Amarsingh c.1738 1793-1798 19 April 1802 Tanjore
Pratapsingh 18 January 1793 1808-1839 14 October 1847 Satara
Sambhaji III 1801 1813-1821 2 July 1821 Kolhapur
Parsoji 1778 1816-1817 2 February 1817 Nagpur
Mudhoji II ? 1817-1818 15 July 1840 Nagpur
Raghoji III 1806/08 1818-1853 11 December 1853 Nagpur
The kingdom was annexed to the Bombay Presidency on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.[123]
Shivaji IV 1816 1821-1822 3 January 1822 Kolhapur
Shahaji I 22 January 1802 1822-1838 29 November 1838 Kolhapur
Shivaji c.1810? 1832-1855 29 October 1855 Tanjore
Tanjore annexed to the Madras Presidency
Shivaji V 26 December 1830 1838–1866 4 August 1866 Kolhapur
Shahaji (II) 1802 1839-1848 5 April 1848 Satara
Satara annexed to the Bombay Presidency
Rajaram II 13 April 1850 1866-1870 November 30, 1870 Kolhapur
Shivaji VI 5 April 1863 1871–1883 25 December 1883 Kolhapur
Regencies of Queen Anandbai (1883-1884) and Jaisingrao Ghatge (father of the ruler, 1884-1885)
Shahu III 26 June 1874 1883-1922 6 May 1922 Kolhapur
Rajaram III 31 July 1897 1922–1940 26 November 1940 Kolhapur
Regency of Queen Indumati Tarabai (1941-1946)
Shivaji VII 22 November 1941 1941-1946 28 September 1946 Kolhapur
Regency of Queen Indumati Tarabai (1946-1947)
Shahaji II (III) 4 April 1910 1946-1947

1947-1971
(titular)		 9 May 1983 Kolhapur
(titular from 1947)

The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha king) after the death of Shahu, and were they were the hegemons of the Maratha confederation.

Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (c. 1721–1947 CE)

Scindia of Gwalior (c. 1731–1947 CE)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

Holkar rulers of Indore (c. 1731–1948 CE)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE)

List of rulers
Sinsinwar Jats of Bharatpur & Deeg (1683–1947)
Ruler Years
Raja Ram Sinsinwar 1683–1688
Churaman 1695–1721
Muhkam Singh 1721–1722
Badan Singh 1722–1755
Suraj Mal 1755–1763
Jawahar Singh 1764–1768
Ratan Singh 1768–1769
Kehri Singh 1769–1778
Ranjit Singh 1778–1805
Randhir Singh 1805–1823
Baldeo Singh 1823–1825
Balwant Singh 1825–1853
Jaswant Singh 1853–1893
Ram Singh 1893–1900
Kishan Singh 1918–1929
Brijendra Singh 1929–1947
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Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)

Rulers-

Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)

Rulers–[124]
Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)

Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE)

Rulers–

Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE)

List of rulers–

Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)

Maharaja of Punjab

The Nizam's Dominions

The Nizam

Nawabdom of Awadh

Nawab of Awadh

Nawabdom of Bengal

Nawab of Bengal

Kashmir and Jammu (Dogra dynasty) (c. 1846–1952 CE)

Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu

Later Modern India (c. 1850s onwards)

Empire of India (1876–1947 CE)

Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Imperial Durbar Royal House
Victoria 24 May 1819 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901 22 January 1901 None[a] 1 January 1877
(represented by Lord Lytton) 		Hanover
Edward VII 9 November 1841 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 6 May 1910

Alexandra of Denmark

1 January 1903
(represented by Lord Curzon) 		Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
George V 3 June 1865 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 20 January 1936

Mary of Teck

12 December 1911 Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(1910–1917)
Windsor
(1917–1936)
Edward VIII 23 June 1894 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936 28 May 1972 None None[b] Windsor
George VI 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[126] 6 February 1952

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

None[c] Windsor

Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)

Portrait Name Birth Reign Death Consort Royal House
George VI 14 December 1895 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[126] 6 February 1952

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

Windsor

See also

Other lists of monarchs

Notes

  1. ^ Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.
  2. ^ Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.
  3. ^ A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for independence.[127]

References

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  2. ^ Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar p.30
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  16. ^ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Gauhati University. p. 105.
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  31. ^ a b Susan L. Huntington (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
  32. ^ R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.
  33. ^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
  34. ^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4.
  35. ^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–1976). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Ancient Indian History. IX: 209–10.
  36. ^ "Nasik History - Ancient Period". State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
  37. ^ Sen 1999, p. 264.
  38. ^ "Kannauj after Harsha". Jagran Josh. 14 October 2015.
  39. ^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4.
  40. ^ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
  41. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
  42. ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
  43. ^ Smith, Walter (1994). The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8.
  44. ^ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 103. JSTOR 41490376.
  45. ^ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 270. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.
  46. ^ Petech, Luciano (1977). The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171–172.
  47. ^ Sali, M. L. (20 April 1998). India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788170249641. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
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  57. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 259)
  58. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 260)
  59. ^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
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  61. ^ Thakur 1990, p. 287.
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  64. ^ Sen 1999, p. 272.
  65. ^ Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.
  66. ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 38.
  67. ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 41.
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  70. ^ Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993, p. 282)
  71. ^ Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)
  72. ^ Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).
  73. ^ Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).
  74. ^ Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).
  75. ^ Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).
  76. ^ Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).
  77. ^ Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.
  78. ^ Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968:391–392).
  79. ^ Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi 1968:448).
  80. ^ The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968, p. 470)
  81. ^ Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.
  82. ^ Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).
  83. ^ Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.
  84. ^ The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).
  85. ^ Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung Dihingiya Roja.
  86. ^ Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.
  87. ^ After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)
  88. ^ Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968:489).
  89. ^ Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).
  90. ^ Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).
  91. ^ Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968:496–497).
  92. ^ Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993:148–150).
  93. ^ a b Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).
  94. ^ Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).
  95. ^ Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).
  96. ^ Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).
  97. ^ Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).
  98. ^ Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).
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  110. ^ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.
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  113. ^ Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6. OCLC 500687579.
  114. ^ Sant Lal Katare (1975). "Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.
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  117. ^ "The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 94" (PDF). GandhiServe.
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  120. ^ Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad. 2002. ISBN 978-81-902761-5-3.
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  124. ^ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720
  125. ^ Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 227. ISBN 9781576070918.
  126. ^ a b George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.
  127. ^ Vickers, Hugo (2006), Elizabeth: The Queen Mother, Arrow Books/Random House, p. 175, ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7

Books

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Timeline and
cultural period 		Northwestern India
(Punjab-Sapta Sindhu) 		Indo-Gangetic Plain Central India Southern India
Upper Gangetic Plain
(Ganga-Yamuna doab) 		Middle Gangetic Plain Lower Gangetic Plain
IRON AGE
Culture Late Vedic Period Late Vedic Period
(Srauta culture)[a]
Painted Grey Ware culture 		Late Vedic Period
(Shramanic culture)[b]
Northern Black Polished Ware 		Pre-history
 6th century BCE Gandhara Kuru-Panchala Magadha Adivasi (tribes) Assaka
Culture Persian-Greek influences "Second Urbanisation"
Rise of Shramana movements
Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga 		Pre-history
 5th century BCE (Persian conquests) Shaishunaga dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Assaka
 4th century BCE (Greek conquests) Nanda empire
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture Spread of Buddhism Pre-history
 3rd century BCE Maurya Empire Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Cheras
Culture Preclassical Hinduism[c] - "Hindu Synthesis"[d] (ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)[e][f]
Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism
 2nd century BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Empire
Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty 		Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan Kingdom
Cheras
 1st century BCE
 1st century CE

Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians

Kuninda Kingdom
 2nd century Kushan Empire
 3rd century Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Kushan Empire Western Satraps Kamarupa kingdom Adivasi (tribes)
Culture "Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. CE 320-650)[g]
Puranas
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
 4th century Kidarites Gupta Empire
Varman dynasty 		Andhra Ikshvakus
Kalabhra dynasty
Kadamba Dynasty
Western Ganga Dynasty
 5th century Hephthalite Empire Alchon Huns Vishnukundina
Kalabhra dynasty
 6th century Nezak Huns
Kabul Shahi 		Maitraka Adivasi (tribes) Vishnukundina
Badami Chalukyas
Kalabhra dynasty
Culture Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100)[h]
Advaita Vedanta - Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
 7th century Indo-Sassanids Vakataka dynasty
Empire of Harsha 		Mlechchha dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Badami Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom (Revival)
Pallava
 8th century Kabul Shahi Pala Empire Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom
Kalachuri
 9th century Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta dynasty
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan Kingdom
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
10th century Ghaznavids Pala dynasty
Kamboja-Pala dynasty 		Kalyani Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
Rashtrakuta
References and sources for table

References

  1. ^ Samuel
  2. ^ Samuel
  3. ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
  4. ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
  5. ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
  6. ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
  7. ^ Michaels (2004) p.40
  8. ^ Michaels (2004) p.41

Sources

  • Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
  • Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
  • Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
  • Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
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