Hypsocormus

Extinct genus of fishes

Hypsocormus Temporal range: Callovian–Tithonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Hypsocormus insignis (top) and Hypsocormus posterodorsalis (bottom)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Pachycormiformes
Family:	†Pachycormidae
Genus:	†Hypsocormus Wagner, 1863
Species
Hypsocormus insignis (Wagner, 1860) Hypsocormus posterodorsalis Maxwell et al. 2020

Hypsocormus (from Greek: ῠ̔́ψος húpsos, 'height' and Greek: κορμός kormós 'timber log') is an extinct genus of pachycormid fish from the Middle to Late Jurassic of Europe. Fossils have been found in Germany, France and the UK.

Taxonomy

The type species, H. insignis, was originally described by Johann Andreas Wagner in 1860 from the Upper Jurassic plattenkalk limestones of Bavaria, Germany, and placed into the new genus Hypsocormus by Wagner in a posthumous publication in 1863.^[1] A second valid species, Hypsocormus posterodorsalis was named by Maxwell and colleagues in 2020 from the same deposits. The species "Hypsocormus macrodon" Wagner 1863 from the Upper Jurassic of Germany has been moved to a separate genus and renamed Simocormus macrolepidotus.^[1] The species "Hypsocormus" tenuirostris from the Middle Jurassic of England is more similar to Orthocormus, and thus has often been referred to as Orthocormus? tenuirostris.^[1]

Description

Hypsocormus was a fast-swimming predatory fish about 1 metre (3.3 ft) long, with a half moon-shaped caudal fin similar to that of a modern mackerel. It had a single dorsal fin, elongated pectoral fins and tiny pelvic fins about halfway down the body. An early teleost, Hypsocormus was still primitive, possessing primitive traits such as armored scales. These were, however, small compared with those of earlier fish, allowing greater flexibility. Its jaws were muscular and highly developed, giving it a powerful bite.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Maxwell, Erin; Lambers, Paul; Lopez-Arbarello, Adriana; Schweigert, Günter (2020). "Re-evaluation of pachycormid fishes from the Late Jurassic of Southwestern Germany". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00749.2020. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 221691151.
^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 38. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hypsocormus.

"Hypsocormus". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii

Actinopterygii

- see Actinopterygii

Neopterygii

see Neopterygii
Teleostei	see below↓

Teleostei

†Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Koonwarria †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella
†Pachycormidae	Asthenocormus Australopachycormus Bonnerichthys Eugnathides? Euthynotus Germanostomus Haasichthys Hypsocormus Kaykay Leedsichthys Martillichthys Notodectes Ohmdenia Orthocormus Pachycormus Protosphyraena Pseudoasthenocormus Rhinconichthys Sauropsis Saurostomus Simocormus
†Aspidorhynchidae	Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer
†Pholidophoridae sensu stricto	Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys
†Archaeomaenidae	Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis
†Siyuichthyidae	Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia
†Pleuropholidae	Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis
†Ankylophoridae	Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys
†Catervariolidae	Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella
Teleosts with cycloid scales	see below↓
Otolith taxa	†Archengraulis †Bicavolithus †Doggerichthys †Sphaeronchus †Xenoleptolepis

Teleosts with cycloid scales

†Antofagastaichthys
†Araripichthys
†Paraclupavus
†Pholidolepis
†Todiltia

†Leptolepidae

Leptolepis
Longileptolepis
Proleptolepis

†Luisiellidae

Cavenderichthys?
Luisiella
Waldmanichthys?

†Ascalaboidae

Ascalabos
Ebertichthys
Tharsis

†Crossognathiformes

Bavarichthys Chongichthys Salminops?
Varasichthyidae?	Bobbichthys Domeykos Luisichthys Protoclupea Varasichthys
Notelopidae	Bavarichthys? Michin? Notelops Nusaviichthys
Crossognathidae	Apsopelix Crossognathus
Pachyrhizodontidae	Apricenapiscis Aquilopiscis Cavinichthys Chongichthys? Elopopsis Goulmimichthys Greenwoodella Kradimus Lebrunichthys Michin? Motlayoichthys Nardopiscis Pachyrhizodus Platinx Polcynichthys Rhacolepis Stanhopeichthys Tingitanichthys

†Ichthyodectiformes

Africathrissops Allothrissops Altamuraichthys Antarctithrissops Ascalabothrissops? Capassoichthys Carsothrissops Dugaldia Faugichthys Furloichthys Garganoichthys Gillicus Occithrissops Ogunichthys Pachythrissops? Prymnetes Sultanuvaisia Thrissops Verraesichthys
Chuhsiungichthyidae	Chuhsiungichthys Jinjuichthys Mesoclupea
Bardackichthyidae	Amakusaichthys? Bardackichthys Heckelichthys?
Cladocyclidae	Aidachar Chirocentrites Chiromystus Cladocyclus Cladocynodon Eubiodectes
Ichthyodectidae	Cooyoo Ghrisichthys Ichthyodectes Postredectes Xiphactinus
Saurodontidae	Gwawinapterus Prosaurodon Saurocephalus Saurodon Unamichthys Vallecillichthys

Crown-Teleostei

- see below↓

Crown-Teleostei

Elopomorpha

- see Elopomorpha

†Orthogonikleithridae

Cavenderichthys?
Leptolepides
Orthogonikleithrus
Waldmanichthys?

Osteoglossomorpha

- see Osteoglossomorpha

†Tselfatiiformes

Eoplethodus
Protobramidae	Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama
Plethodidae	Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites