Fujiwara no Kaneie

Japanese statesman, courtier and politician
Fujiwara no Kaneie
藤原兼家
Fujiwara no Kaneie by Kikuchi Yōsai
Daijō-daijin
Personal details
Born929
DiedJuly 26, 990(990-07-26) (aged 60–61)
NationalityJapanese
ChildrenFujiwara no Michinaga
Parent
  • Fujiwara no Morosuke (father)

Fujiwara no Kaneie (藤原 兼家, 929 – July 26, 990) was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Heian period.[1] He also was known as Hōkō-in Daijin and Higashi-sanjō-dono.[2]

Career

Kaneie served as a minister during the reigns of Emperor En'yū, Emperor Kazan and Emperor Ichijō.

After his rival brother Kanemichi's death in 977 he was appointed to Udaijin by his cousin Yoritada who became Kampaku after Kanemichi's death. He and his son Michikane encouraged Emperor Kazan to abdicate to accelerate Kaneie's accession to regent. Kaneie told Kazan that the Imperial Regalia was already held by Ichijo, and hence Kazan should not continue as ruler. Kazan acquiesced to Kaneie's demands, under some pressure, and went to the Gangyō-ji monastery. Kaneie's second son, Michikane, went with Kazan; he intended to also take the tonsure. When they arrived at the monastery, Michikane claimed that he would like to see his parents as a layman for the last time - he did not return. When Emperor Ichijo succeeded, Kaneie became Sesshō of Emperor Ichijō.

  • 969 (Anna 1): Ju Sammi (従三位)
  • 970 (Anna 2): Chūnagon
  • 972 (Tenroku 3, 11th month): Kaneie was promoted from the office of Chūnagon to Dainagon[3]
  • 978 (Jōgen 3, 10th month): Kaneie was named Udaijin.[4]
  • 986 (Kanna 2, 24th day of the 6th month): Sesshō (摂政) for Emperor Ichijō
  • 986 (Kanna 2, 20th day of the 7th month): retire from Udaijin
  • 989 (Eiso 1, 12th month): Kaneie is named daijō daijin.[5]
  • 990 (Shōryaku 1, 5th month): Kaneie fell seriously ill; and he abandoned his offices to become a Buddhist monk.[5]
  • July 26, 990 (Shōryaku 1, 2nd day of the 7th month): Kaneie died at the age of 62.[5]

Family

Kaneie had four brothers: Kanemichi,[6] Kinsue,[7] Koretada,[8] and Tamemitsu.[9][1]

  • Father: Fujiwara no Morosuke (藤原師輔, 909–960)[9]
  • Mother: Fujiwara no Moriko (藤原盛子, ?–943), daughter of Fujiwara no Tsunekuni (藤原経邦).[9]
    • Wife: Fujiwara no Tokihime (藤原時姫, ?–980), daughter of Fujiwara no Nakamasa (藤原中正).[6]
    • Wife: known as Udaisyō Michitsuna no Haha (Mother of Udaishō Michitsuna) (右大将道綱母, 936?-995). She wrote Kagerō Nikki (蜻蛉日記) and was the daughter of Fujiwara no Tomoyasu (藤原倫寧の娘).
      • 2nd son: Fujiwara no Michitsuna (藤原道綱, 955–1020), Dainagon.
    • Wife: Yasukonaishinnō (保子内親王, 949–987), third daughter of Emperor Murakami.
    • Wife: Tai no Ankata (対の御方), daughter of Fujiwara no Kuninori (藤原国章).
      • 3rd daughter: Fujiwara no Yasuko/Suishi (藤原綏子, 974–1004), consort of Emperor Sanjō.
    • Wife: name unknown, Chūjō miyasudokoro (中将御息所), possibly daughter of Fujiwara no Kanetada (藤原懐忠).
    • Wife: name unknown.
    • Wife: daughter of Fujiwara no Tadamoto (藤原忠幹の娘)
      • 4th son: Fujiwara no Michiyoshi (藤原道義)
    • Wife: daughter of Minamoto no Kanetada (源兼忠の娘)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Kaneie" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 203, p. 203, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
  2. ^ "Fujiwara no Kaneie • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  3. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 145, p. 145, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Kane ye", pre-Hepburn romanization
  4. ^ Titsingh, p. 146, p. 146, at Google Books.
  5. ^ a b c Titsingh, p. 151, p. 151, at Google Books.
  6. ^ a b Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Kanemichi" at p. 203, p. 203, at Google Books
  7. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Kinsue" at p. 204, p. 204, at Google Books
  8. ^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Koretada" at p. 205, p. 205, at Google Books
  9. ^ a b c Brinkley, p. 259., p. 259, at Google Books
  10. ^ Kagerō Nikki

References

  • Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
  • v
  • t
  • e
Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari[1]
614–669
Fuhito[2]
659–720
NANKE branchHOKKE branchSHIKIKE branchKYŌKE branch
Muchimaro[2]
680–737		Fusasaki[2]
681–737		Umakai[2]
694–737		Maro[2]
695–737
Toyonari[3]
704–766		Nakamaro[3]
706–764		Otomaro[4]Nagate[5]
714–771		Matate[4]
715–766		Uona[6]
721–783		Kaedemaro[7]
723–776		Yoshitsugu[8]
716–777		Tamaro[9]
722–783		Momokawa[10]
732–779		Hamanari[11]
724–790
Tsuginawa[12]
727–796		Korekimi[13]
727–789		Uchimaro[14]
756–812		Sonohito[12]
756–819		Otsugu[12]
774–843
Fuyutsugu[15]
775–826
Nagara[1]
802–826		Yoshifusa[1]
804–872		Yoshiyo[16]
823–900
Mototsune[17]
836–891
Tokihira[18][12]
871–909		Tadahira[12]
880–949
Saneyori[12]
900–970		Morosuke[12]
909–960
Yoritada[19]
924–989		Koretada[12]
924–972		Yoritada[12][20]
925–977		Kaneie[12][19]
929–990
Michitaka[21][22]
953–995		Michikane[22]
961–995		Michinaga[23]
966–1028
Yorimichi[24][25]
992–1074		Norimichi[26]
996–1075
Morozane[27]
1042–1101
Moromichi[28]
1062–1099
Tadazane[29]
1075–1162
Tadamichi[30]
1097–1164		Yorinaga[31]
1120–1156
Konoe
Family		Matsudono
Family		Kujō
Family
Konoe Motozane[32]
1143–1166		Matsudono Motofusa[33]
1144?–1231		Kujō Kanezane[30]
1149–1207
Konoe Motomichi[16][34]
1160–1233		Matsudono Moroie[33]
1172–1238		Kujō Yoshitsune[35]
1169–1206
Konoe Iezane[34]
1179–1242		Kujō Michiie[35]
1193–1252
Takatsukasa
Family		Nijō
Family		Ichijō
Family
Konoe Kanetsune[36]
1210–1259		Takatsukasa Kanehira[37]
1228–1294		Kujō Norizane[38]
1211–1235		Nijō Yoshizane[39]
1216–1271		Ichijō Sanetsune[40]
1223–1284
Notes
  1. ^ a b c Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
  2. ^ a b c d e Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
  3. ^ a b Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. ^ a b 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. ^ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. ^ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. ^ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. ^ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
  10. ^ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
  11. ^ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
  13. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
  14. ^ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
  15. ^ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
  16. ^ a b 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
  17. ^ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
  18. ^ 日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
  19. ^ a b Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
  20. ^ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
  21. ^ Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  22. ^ a b Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
  23. ^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  24. ^ Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
  25. ^ Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
  26. ^ Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
  27. ^ "卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
  28. ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. ^ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. ^ a b Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
  31. ^ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. ^ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. ^ a b Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. ^ a b "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. ^ a b "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. ^ "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. ^ Jinson [in Japanese]. 大乗院日記目録.
  38. ^ "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ^ ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  40. ^ ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.
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1: official court titles for samurai (buke-kan'i).