Enicocephaloidea

Superfamily of true bugs

Enicocephaloidea
Phthirocoris magnus female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Infraorder: Enicocephalomorpha
Superfamily: Enicocephaloidea
Families

Enicocephalidae
Aenictopecheidae

Enicocephaloidea is a sole superfamily within the infraorder Enicocephalomorpha of the hemipteran suborder Heteroptera ("true bugs"). The group was formerly thought to be related to the Reduviidae because of similarities in head structure but they are now considered different enough from other Heteroptera to constitute a separate infraorder[1] and represents a sister group of the Leptopodomorpha.[2] They are predaceous and some species are known to swarm but little is known of their life history. A few species of enicocephalids are known to shed their wings before entering the surface of subsoil.[3]

Notes

Wikispecies has information related to Enicocephaloidea.
  1. ^ Triplehorn, C.; Johnson, N. (2005). Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects (7 ed.). p. 301.
  2. ^ Li, Min; Tian, Ying; Zhao, Ying; Bu, Wenjun (2012). "Higher Level Phylogeny and the First Divergence Time Estimation of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) Based on Multiple Genes". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e32152. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732152L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032152. PMC 3288068. PMID 22384163.
  3. ^ Fernandes, José Antônio Marin; Weirauch, Christiane (2015). "The Unique-Headed Bugs (Enicocephalomorpha)". True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics. Entomology in Focus. Vol. 2. pp. 91–98. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9861-7_4. ISBN 978-94-017-9860-0.
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Extant Hemiptera families
  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Arthropoda
  • Class: Insecta
  • Subclass: Pterygota
  • Infraclass: Neoptera
  • Superorder: Paraneoptera
Cicadomorpha
Cercopoidea
(froghoppers)
Cicadoidea
(cicadas)
Membracoidea
Fulgoromorpha
(planthoppers)
Fulgoroidea
Aleyrodoidea
  • Aleyrodidae (whiteflies)
Aphidoidea
(aphids)
Coccoidea
(scale insects)
  • Aclerdidae
  • Asterolecaniidae (pit scales)
  • Beesoniidae (beesoniids)
  • Carayonemidae (carayonemids)
  • Cerococcidae (ornate pit scales)
  • Coccidae (soft scales)
  • Conchaspididae
  • Dactylopiidae (cochineals)
  • Diaspididae (armored scales)
  • Eriococcidae (felt scales)
  • Halimococcidae (pupillarial palm scales)
  • Kermesidae
  • Kerriidae (lac scales)
  • Lecanodiaspididae (false pit scales)
  • Margarodidae (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)
  • Micrococcidae (Mediterranean scales)
  • Monophlebidae (giant scales)
  • Ortheziidae (ensign scales)
  • Phenacoleachiidae (phenacoleachiids)
  • Phoenicococcidae (palm scales)
  • Pseudococcidae (mealybugs)
  • Putoidae (giant mealybugs)
  • Stictococcidae (stictococcids)
Phylloxeroidea
  • Adelgidae (woolly conifer aphids)
  • Phylloxeridae (phylloxerans)
Psylloidea
Suborder Heteroptera (with Coleorrhyncha)
Dipsocoromorpha
Enicocephalomorpha
Enicocephaloidea
Gerromorpha
(semiaquatic bugs)
Gerroidea
Hebroidea
  • Hebridae (velvet water bugs)
Hydrometroidea
  • Hydrometridae (marsh treaders or water measurers)
  • Macroveliidae
  • Paraphrynoveliidae
Mesovelioidea
(water treaders)
Leptopodomorpha
Nepomorpha
(true water bugs)
Corixoidea
  • Corixidae (water boatmen)
Nepoidea
  • Belostomatidae (giant water bugs)
  • Nepidae (water scorpions, needle bugs)
Ochteroidea
  • Gelastocoridae (toad bugs)
  • Ochteridae (velvety shore bugs)
Aphelocheiroidea
Naucoroidea
  • Naucoridae (creeping water bugs)
Notonectoidea
  • Notonectidae (backswimmers)
Pleoidea
Peloridiomorpha
(Coleorrhyncha)
Cimicomorpha
Cimicoidea
  • Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
  • Cimicidae (bed bugs, bat bugs)
  • Curaliidae (Curalium cronini)
  • Joppeicidae
  • Lasiochilidae
  • Lyctocoridae
  • Medocostidae
  • Microphysidae
  • Miridae (plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
  • Nabidae (damsel bugs)
  • Pachynomidae
  • Plokiophilidae
  • Polyctenidae (old world bat bugs)
  • Reduviidae (assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
  • Thaumastocoridae (royal palm bugs)
  • Tingidae (lace bugs)
  • Velocipedidae
Pentatomomorpha
Aradoidea
  • Aradidae (flat bugs)
  • Termitaphididae (termite bugs)
Pentatomoidea
(shield bugs)
Coreoidea
Lygaeoidea
Pyrrhocoroidea
  • Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, cotton stainers)
  • Largidae (bordered plant bugs)
Note: Coleorrhyncha are a different clade from Heteroptera. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as Prosorrhyncha.
Taxon identifiers
Enicocephalomorpha


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